Anti-platelet aggregation and anti-thrombotic mechanism of Trichosanthis Fructus combined with aspirin based on network pharmacology / 中国中药杂志

To explore the anti-platelet aggregation and anti-thrombotic mechanisms of Trichosanthis Fructus combined with aspirin based on network pharmacology and the validation of arteriovenous by pass model in rats. The databases of Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform(TCMSP),Drug Repositioning and Adverse Drug Reaction Chemical-Protein Interactome(DRAR-CPI),Universal Protein Resource(Uniprot) and the Database for Annotation,Visualization,and Integrated Discovery(DAVID) were used to predict protein targets and analyze biological pathway and signal pathway in the combination of Trichosanthis Fructus with aspirin. The effects of pretreatment with Trichosanthis Fructus pellets,aspirin pellets and their combination on thromboxane B2(TXB2),6-keto prostaglandin F1α(6-keto-PGF1α) and cyclic adenosine monophosphate(c AMP) in rat thrombotic model were studied. Through the study of network pharmacology,12 components of aspirin and Trichosanthis Fructus,including hydroxygenkwanin,quercetin and adenosine,were found to show the anti-platelet aggregation and anti-thrombosis mechanisms through9 common protein targets,such as SRC,RAC1,MAPK14,MAPK1,AKT1,and 14 common signaling pathways,such as VEGF signaling pathway. After the intervention with Trichosanthis Fructus pellets combined with aspirin pellets,the vascular endothslia growth factor(VEGF) signaling pathway can be activated to inhibit platelet aggregation and improve vascular endothelial function,and show the anti-platelet aggregation and anti-thrombosis mechanisms,which verify the results of the network pharmacology,and explain the anti-platelet aggregation and anti-thrombotic mechanisms of the combination of Trichosanthis Fructus pellets with aspirin pellets.

Effects of Danhong Injection (丹红注射液) and its main components on anticoagulation and fibrinolysis in cultured vein endothelial cells / 中国结合医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effects of Danhong Injection (丹红注射液) and its main components, including daiclzein and hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA), on the anticoagulation, fibrinolysis, anti-apoptosis in hypoxia model of vein endothelial cells (VECs).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>VECs were prepared and were put in a hypoxia environment, which consisted of mixed gas of 95% N and 5% CO mixed gas, when reached confluent culture. Five groups used different treatments, including normal control group, hypoxia group, daiclzein group, HSYA group and Danhong Injection group. The VECs were identified by fluorescence double labeling methods. The morphology was observed by a phase contrast microscopy. The effects of Danhong Injection, daiclzein and HSYA on 6 keto prostaglandin F1α (6-keto-PGF1α) level was measured by the method of radioimmunoassay (RIA). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was tested by water soluble tetrazolium salt. The content of malondialdehyde (MDA) was measured by thiobarbituric acid. The activities of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) were measured by the method of chromogenic substrate. The contents of endothelin (ET) and nitric oxide (NO) were detected by non-equilibrium RIA and enzymelinked immunosorbent assay. Cells apoptosis rate was determined by flow cytometry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the normal control group, the floating cells number, PAI activity, ET and MDA contents, and cells apoptosis rate in the culture solution of hypoxia group were all significantly increased, whereas the 6-keto-PGF1α and NO contents, and t-PA and SOD activities were decreased significantly (P<0.01). Compared with the hypoxia group, Danhong Injection markedly increased the 6-keto-PGF1α content and SOD activity, regulated PAI and t-PA activities, ET and NO contents, and decreased MDA content and cells apoptosis rate (P<0.05 or P<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Danhong Injection and its main components played an important role in protecting primary VECs from hypoxic damage by regulating the secretion and vasomotor function of VECs. The function of Danhong Injection was most remarkable.</p>

Effects of paeoniflorin on cerebral blood flow and the balance of PGI2/TXA2 of rats with focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury / 药学学报

This study is to investigate the effects of paeoniflorin on cerebral blood flow and the balance of PGI2/TXA2 of rats with focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. A total of 72 SD rats (3) were randomly divided into 6 groups: sham operation group, cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model group (I/R gourp), low (10 mg.kg-1), middle (20 mg.kg-1) and high (40 mg.kg-1) doses of paeoniflorin groups and nimrnodipine group. Focal cerebral ischemia in rats was made by inserting a monofilament suture into internal carotid artery for 90 min and then reperfused for 24 h. The effects of paeoniflorin on neurological deficit scores and the infarction volume of brain were detected. Relative regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was continuously monitored over ischemic hemispheres by laser-Doppler flowmetry (LDF). The expression of COX-2 in hippocampal CAl region was estimated by immunohistochemistry and the contents of prostacyclin I2 (PGI2), thromboxane A2 (TXA2), and ratio of PGIJ2/TXA2 in serum were measured by ELISA kits. Paeoniflorin significantly ameliorated neurological scores, reduced the infarction volume, and increased regional cerebral blood flow relative to the I/R group. In addition, paeoniflorin could inhibit COX-2 expression and the release of TXA2 and prevent the downregulation of PGI2 induced by I/R injury. The neuroprotective effects of paeoniflorin against focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion rats might be attributed to improve the supply of injured hemisphere blood flow and adjust the balance between PGI2/TXA2.

Comparative study on effects of Rubiae Radix et Rhizoma and carbonized Rubiae Radix et Rhizoma on acute blood stasis rat model / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effects of Rubiae Radix et Rhizoma (RRR) and carbonized Rubiae Radix et Rhizoma (CRRR) on the acute blood stasis rat model, and reveal their differences in efficacy.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The acute blood stasis model was induced by subcutaneously injecting adrenaline hydrochloride and soaking in ice water. Yunnan Baiyao was used as the positive control drug, and administered for consecutively seven days. This model was adopted to observe the effect of high, middle and low dose RRR and CRRR groups on hemorheology, thrombin activity, and blood platelet system.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>RRR could significantly reduce the wholeblood viscosity and plasma viscosity of blood stasis rats under different shear rates, and showed certain two-way regulating function in hemostasis. It also showed certain effect on ADP-induced platelet aggregation rate, but which was lower than CRRR. CRRR achieved the main hemostatic mechanism by stimulating intrinsic and extrinsic blood coagulation and fibrinogen, and could significantly enhance the platelet aggregation rate of rats in the acute blood stasis model (P <0. 01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>RRR had the effect of removing blood stasis and hemostasis, while CRRR mainly has the hemostatic effect. This further demonstrates the traditional processing theory of "promoting blood circulation with crude herbs and stopping bleeding with processed herbs".</p>

Inhibitory effects of Qushuanling Capsule () on thrombus formation and platelet aggregation in rats / 中国结合医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of Qushuanling Capsule ( QSLC) on thrombus formation and platelet aggregation in rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Arteriovenous bypass, venous thrombosis, and middle cerebral artery thrombosis models were used in rats to investigate the anti-thrombotic effects of QSLC, a compound of nine Chinese herbs. The platelet aggregation induced by adenosine diphosphate (ADP), thrombin or arachidonic acid (AA), as well as the contents of thromboxane B(2) (TXB(2)) and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1α (6-keto-PGF1α) in rat plasma and aortic walls, were determined to investigate the possible mechanisms of the anti-thrombotic effects of QSLC.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After oral administration with QSLC for 7 days, arteriovenous bypass thrombosis was obviously suppressed compared with the model group, venous thrombosis was also obviously suppressed, rat behaviors were obviously improved, and brain infarct size as well as water content were also reduced. The platelet aggregation induced by ADP or thrombin was inhibited by QSLC, but the drug had no effect on AA-induced platelet aggregation and content of TXB(2) and 6-keto-PGF1α in plasma and the aortic wall.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>These results suggest that QSLC can be used in the prevention and treatment of thrombotic diseases, and that its mechanism of action may be related to inhibition of platelet aggregation.</p>

Effects of puerarin on the vascular active factor related to cerebral vasospasm after aneurysm subarachnoid hemorrhage / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects and possible mechanisms of puerarin on the vascular active factors correlated to cerebral vasospasm (CVS) after aneurysm subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifty-four patients with aSAH were randomly assigned to the puerarin group (30 cases) and the control group (24 cases) by lot. On the basis of routine treatment, the patients in the puerarin group were intravenously dripped with 0.5 g puerarin by adding in 250 mL glucose injection once daily. The injection was given starting from the 3rd day of the disease course, for 14 successive days. The plasma levels of nitric oxide (NO), endothelin-1 (ET-1), thromboxane B, (TXB2), 6-Keto-prostaglandin F1alpha (6-K-PGF1alpha) were compared between the two groups pre- and post-therapy. The incidence of cerebral vasospasm (CVS) was observed using transcranial Doppler (TCD). The Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) were compared at discharge between the two groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the control group, the plasma levels of NO, ET-1, and 6-K-PGF1alpha increased in the puerarin group (P < 0. 05), the TXB2 level decreased (P < 0.05), the incidence of CVS decreased (P < 0.05), the mean MCA velocity increased (P < 0.05), and the GOS at discharge increased (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Puerarin is an effective agent for the prophylaxis and treatment of the CVS in patients after aSAH. Moreover, it can improve the prognosis. The mechanism might be correlated with improving the levels of the vascular active factors, i.e., increasing the plasma levels of NO and PGl2, decreasing TXA, in plasma, increasing the cerebral blood flow, and improving cerebral perfusion.</p>

Effects of two different extracts of total saponins from Cicer arietinum on kidney of T2DM rats / 药学学报

Protective effects of two different extracts of TSCA (total saponins from Cicer arietinum) were studied on kidney of T2DM rats. The diabetic model group was established with high calorie feeding and small dose injection of streptozotocin (STZ, 45 mg x kg(-1)). DM rats were randomly assigned to model group (feed with propylene glycol 1 mL/100 g), TSCA high dose group (300 mg x kg(-1)), TSCA low dose group (100 mg x kg(-1)) and normal control group (feed with propylene glycol 1 mL/100 g). After four weeks treatment with TSCA I and II, the levels of FPG FIns, BUN, Scr, ATII, ET-1, TXB2 and 6-keto-PGF1alpha in blood and the activities of SOD, GSH-PX and MDA in kidney were analyzed by biochemical methods. After four weeks treatment with TSCA II, the levels of FPG FIns, BUN, Scr, ATII and ET-1 were reduced significantly; and the ratios of TXB2 to 6-keto-PGF1alpha and SOD were effectively alleviated in TSCA II group. While there is no significant change on FPG and BUN in comparison to the rats treated with TSCA I, Scr, ATII, ET-I, GSH-PX and SOD were alleviated. The results suggest that TSCA II could be used to reduce FPG and FIns. According to the result of vasoactive substances index, TSCA II is more effective than TSCA I on renal protection of DM rats.

Effects of the effective components group of xiaoshuantongluo formula on rat acute blood stasis model / 药学学报

Effects of the effective components group of Xiaoshuantongluo formula (XECG) on rat acute blood stasis model were studied under the guidance of the concept of effective components group. Rat acute blood stasis model was induced by subcutaneous injection of epinephrine combined with ice water bath. Hemorheology indices such as whole blood viscosity, plasma viscosity, erythrocyte aggregation index and platelet aggregation rate; coagulation parameters including PT, APTT, TT and FIB; 6-keto-PGF1alpha, TXB2 and D-dimer levels were determined to evaluate the effects of XECG. The results showed that XECG significantly reduced ADP-induced platelet aggregation, but showed little influence on the whole blood viscosity, plasma viscosity and erythrocyte aggregation rate. XECG extended PT and TT slightly, but had no effects on APTT and FIB content. D-dimer levels significantly decreased after administration of XECG with a little decrease of TXB2, but the content of 6-keto-PGF1alpha did not change significantly. The results suggest that the role of XECG of anti-aggregation is more prominent.

Changes of neurotransmitter endothelin, thromboxance B2 and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha in patients with chronic pulmonary heart disease / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the changes of the neurotransmitters in patients with chronic pulmonary heart disease (CPHD) and its clinical significance.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Seventy-two patients with CPHD (42 males, 30 females, mean age 55.6-/+8.9 years) were enrolled in the study, including 48 patients with compensated CPHD and 24 with uncompensated CPHD. Plasma endothelin (ET), thromboxance B2 (TXB2) and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha (6-K-PGFlalpha) were detected by radioimmunoassay. Thirty blood donors were selected as the normal control.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the normal controls, CPHD patients showed abnormal pulmonary function, and significantly elevated levels of plasma ET and TXB2 (P<0.01) and lowered 6-K-PGFlalpha(P<0.01), but no significant differences were found between the patients with compensated CPHD and uncompensated CPHD (P>0.05). Plasma ET and TXB2 levels were inversely correlated to 6-K-PGFlalpha level (r=-0.4571, P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The patients with CPHD present with obvious changes of plasma ET, TXB2 and 6-K-PGFlalpha.</p>

Effect of precondition with GBE50 and Salviae miltionrrhizae on cycloxygenase-2 and its downstream effectors contents in ischemia/reperfusion myocardium / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the changes in contents of cycloxygenase-2 (COX-2) and its downstream effectors in rat's myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) model and observe the effects of precondition with GBE50 (Ginkgo biloba extract 50) and Salviae miltiorrhizae (SM) on them.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Rat's I/R model was established by 30-min left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion followed with 60-min reperfusion. Animals were divided into the model control group, the sham-operated group and the tested groups (received 1-week precondition with GBE50 and SM respectively via intragastric infusion before modeling). COX-2 mRNA expression in myocardium was detected by real-time PCR; contents of thromboxane B2 (TXB2) and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1alpha (6-keto-PGF1alpha) were measured by radioimmunoassay.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mRNA expression of COX-2 in the model group was obviously higher than that in the sham-operated group (P < 0.001), while that in the tested groups was down-regulated significantly (P < 0.01), and the content of TXB2 as well as the ratio of TXB2/PGF1alpha was reduced significantly (P < 0.05). Besides, SM also showed the up-regulation effect on 6-keto-PGF1alpha content in myocardium (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>COX-2 affects the myocardium through thromboxane A2 and prostacyclin after I/R; both GBE50 and SM can inhibit the production of COX-2, but they may act in different paths.</p>

Effect of safflower injection on pulmonary hypertension in rat during chronic hypoxia and hypercapnia / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>AIM</b>To study the effect of Safflower injection (a compound of Chinese Traditional medicine) on pulmonary hypertension in rat during chronic hypoxia and hypercapnia.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into normal control group (A), hypoxic hypercapnic group (B), hypoxic hypercapnia + Safflower injection group (C). The concentration of TXB2 and 6-keto-PGF18 in plasma and in lung homogenate were detected by the radioimmunoassay.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) mPAP, weight ratio of right ventricle (RV) to left ventricle plus septum (LV + S) were much higher in rats of hypoxic hypercapnic group than those of control group. Differences of mCAP among the three groups were not significant. (2) The concentration of TXB2 and the ratio of TXB2/6-keto-PGF1a were significantly higher in rats of B group than those of A and C group. (3) The results examined by light microscopy showed that WA/TA (vessel wall area/total area), SMC (the density of medial smooth muscle cell) and PAMT (the thickness of medial smooth cell layer) were significantly higher in rats of B group than those of A and C group. (4) The results examined by electron microscopy showed proliferation of medial smooth muscle cells and collagen fibers of pulmonary arterioles in rats of B group, and Safflower injection could reverse the changes mentioned above.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Safflower injection may inhibit hypoxic hypercapnia pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary vessel remodeling by decreasing the ratio of TXB2/6-keto-PGF1a.</p>

Development of virulent heat-evil-induced thrombosis animal model / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To develop a virulent heat-evil-induced thrombosis animal model, and provide a rational animal model for pathogeny and pathogenesis research of thrombosis-related diseases, anti-thrombosis activity screening and pre-clinical studies of CAHT formula.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>SD rats were pretreated with carrageenin (Ca) intraperitoneal injection, followed by intravenous injection of endotoxin (LPS from E. coli O111:B4) 50 microg x kg(-1) 16 h later. Thrombosis in rat tails were observed during 12-24 h after injection of LPS. The inflammatory mechanism of this model were investigated by analyzing serum level of TNF-alpha, IL-6, TXB2 and 6-keto-PGF 1alpha, CD11b/CD18 expression of white blood cells (WBC) and P-selectin expression of vessel walls.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>In LPS/Ca model group, thrombosis can be clearly observed in the distal part of rat tails after 12-24 h of LPS/Ca treatment. High level of TNF-alpha and IL-6 can be measured in serum. The expression of CD11b/CD18 in WBC and P-selectin in vessel endothelium significantly increased and the number of WBC in peripheral blood markedly decreased shortly after LPS/Ca treatment. The adherence of white blood cells to vessel endothelium which can be seen by microscope mainly contributed to the decrease of WBC. The results indicated that there was obvious inflammation after treatment with LPS/Ca, suggesting that inflammation was the key mechanism for this model.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>This model was developed through treatment of LPS in combination with Ca, of which LPS is considered to be an exotic virulent heat-evil in TCM, while the inflammatory molecules produced in this model, such as TNF-alpha, IL-6, CD11b/CD18 and P-selectin belong to internal virulent heat-evils, so this animal model consists of pathogeny and pathogenesis of virulent heat-evils. virulent heat-evil.</p>

Association of polymorphism of the prostacyclin synthase gene with myocardial infarction in Uigur population of Xinjiang / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the association between the polymorphism of the prostacyclin synthase gene and Uigur patients with myocardial infarction in Xinjiang.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Three hundred and ten patients with myocardial infarction (MI) and 306 healthy control subjects were detected by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism. The serum 6-keto-PGF(1alpha ) was detected with radioimmunoassay kit in all subjects.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The genotype distributions of the control group and MI group were in the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium(chi (2)= 0.442, 1.867, P> 0.05). The frequencies of CC, CA and AA were 0.70, 0.26 and 0.03 in the MI group and 0.62, 0.32 and 0.06 in the controls. There was significant difference in frequencies of CC genotype and C allele but no difference in frequencies of CA and AA genotypes between the controls and the MI cases. There was significant difference in serum 6-keto-PGF(1alpha ) level between the MI group and control group (P< 0.05), as well as among the three genotypes (P< 0.05). In the cases with CC genotype the serum 6-keto-PGF(1alpha ) level was lower than that of others (P< 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The CC genotype and C allele of the prostacyclin synthase gene might be a risk factor of MI in Uigur population in Xinjiang, which may lead to the decreased serum 6-keto-PGF(1alpha ) level.</p>

Metabolism of arachidonic acid in sheep uterus: in vitro studies.

Arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism in the non-pregnant sheep uterus was studied in vitro using conventional chromatographic and HPLC techniques. High expression of both lipoxygenase (LOX) as well as cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes and their activities was found in the uterine tissues. On incubation of uterine enymes with AA, the LOX products formed were identified as 5-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5-HPETE), 12- and 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (12- and 15-HETEs), based on their separation on TLC and HPLC. By employing differential salt precipitation techniques, the LOXs generating products 5-HPETE (5-LOX), 12-HETE and 15-HETE (12- and 15-dual LOX) were isolated. Based on their analysis on TLC, the COX products formed were identified as prostaglandins - PGF2alpha and prostacyclin derivative 6-keto PGF1alpha. The study forms the first report on the comprehensive analysis on the metabolism of AA in sheep uterus in vitro via the LOX and COX pathways.

Physiological effects of cold and cool Chinese herbal medicine of channel tropism of stomach on rats with stomach-heat syndrome / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Stomach physiological effects of channel tropism of stomach, cold & cool Chinese herbal medicine on rats with stomach-heat syndrome were studied.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Using water decoction of warm &heat medicine, Rhizoma Zingiberis to feed rats for 15 days continuously, causing the stomach-heat sydrome model, then decoction of Rhizoma Coptidis, Herba Taraxaci, Fractus Aurantii Immaturus was used to feed rats for 10 days, respectively. Biochemical indexes of blood reflecting the physiological function of stomach, including thromboxaneB2 (TXB2), 6-keto-PGF(1alpha), Gastrin (Gas), Motilin (MTL), and Somatostation (SS) were measured by radioimmunoassay.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Symptom of stomach-heat syndrome prevailed in body of rats after filled with decoction of Rhizoma Zingiberis, values of TXB2/6-keto-PGF(1alpha), MTL, and Gas in blood raised up evidently, compared with the control (P < 0.05), but values of 6-keto-PGF(1alpha). decreased conspicuously (P < 0.05). After treated with decoction of Rhizoma Coptidis, Herba Taraxaci or Fractus Aurantii Immaturus for 10 days, respectively. Symptoms of stomach heat syndrome were eliminated or alleviated, values of 6-keto-PGF(1alpha), and SS in blood elevated at different degrees, and those of TXB2, TXB2/6-keto-PGF(1alpha), MTL, and Gas felled down at different degrees. Difference of efficacy existed at different groups, group of Rhizoma Coptidis was the strongest, group of Herba Taraxaci was the second, group of Fractus Aurantii Immaturus was the third. Efficacy of medicine in groups with high dosage was stronger than those with low dosage.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Channel tropism of stomach, cold and cool Chinese herbal medicine could improve the physiological functions of stomach effectively, and the efficacy concerns with the degree of their cold and cool characteristics.</p>

Human vascular smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells cocultured on polyglycolic acid (70/30) scaffold in tissue engineered vascular graft / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Current prosthetic, small diameter vascular grafts showing poor long term patency rates have led to the pursuit of other biological materials. Biomaterials that successfully integrate into surrounding tissue should match not only the mechanical properties of tissues, but also topography. Polyglycolic acid (70/30) has been used as synthetic grafts to determine whether human vascular smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells attach, survive and secrete endothelin and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1alpha (6-keto-PGF1alpha).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells were isolated from adult human great saphenous vein. They were seeded on polyglycolic acid scaffold in vitro separately to grow vascular patch (Groups A and B respectively) and cocultured in vitro to grow into vascular patch (Group C). Smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells were identified by immunohistochemical analysis and growth of cells on polyglycolic acid was investigated using scanning electron microscopy. The levels of endothelin and 6-keto-PGF1alpha in the culturing solutions were examined by radioimmunology to measure endothelial function.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Seed smooth muscle cells adhered to polyglycolic acid scaffold and over 28 days grew in the interstices to form a uniform cell distribution throughout the scaffold. Then seed endothelial cells formed a complete endothelial layer on the smooth muscle cells. The levels of endothelin and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha in the culturing solution were (234 +/- 29) pg/ml and (428 +/- 98) pg/ml respectively in Group C and (196 +/- 30) pg/ml and (346 +/- 120) pg/ml in Group B; both significantly higher than in Groups A and D (blank control group, all P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Cells could be grown successfully on polyglycolic acid and retain functions of secretion. Our next step is to use human saphenous vein smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells to grow tubular vascular grafts in vitro.</p>

Changes of vasoactive polypeptides during postoperative hypertensive crisis in patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Hypertensive crisis could be found after operation in patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage (HICH). The aim of this study was to explore the changes and the roles of some vasoactive polypeptides during postoperative hypertensive crisis in patients with HICH.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 31 patients, who were admitted for craniotomy, were enrolled into this study. After the operation, the patients were divided into three groups. Group I consisted of 9 patients with postoperative hypertensive crisis, and group II was composed of 13 patients without postoperative hypertensive crisis. Nine patients, who denied history of hypertension or HICH, were set as group III. The levels of some vasoactivators in the three groups were measured before and after the operation. The differences in the results among the groups were analyzed using the ANOVA. The data collected before and after the operation in the group I was compared by Wilcoxon test.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The concentration of endothelin in group I was significantly higher than that in group III (P < 0.05). The level of thromboxane A2 and the ratio of thromboxane B2 to 6-keto-PGF1a in group I were significantly higher than those in the other two groups (P < 0.05). In group I, the levels of plasma renin activity, angiotensin II, aldosterone, catecholamine, and endothelin before the operation were significantly higher than those determined after the operation (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Postoperative hypertensive crisis may be due to the increased thromboxane A2 and relatively inadequate prostacyclin, especially 6-keto-PGF1a. The increased level of endothelin and intraoperative stimulation also play a certain role in the development of postoperative hypertensive crisis.</p>

Study on therapeutic effects of series of muskone on myocardial infarction canines / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effects of the series of Muskone (the Muskone includes Slender Dutchmanspipe Root, Tumuxiang, and not Slender Dutchmanspipe Root) on myocardial ischemia, myocardial infarction and hematological index in experimental canines, and to explain the pharmacological action and characteristic of its therapeutic effect on ischemic heart disease.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The range and degree of myocardial ischemia was evaluated by epicardial electrogram mapping, and the range extent of myocardial infarction was determined by quantitate histology (N-BT staining method). Meanwhile, the changes of ET, TXB2, 6-Keto-PGF1alpha were determined to study the effects of the series of Muskone on myocardial ischemia, myocardial infarction and hematological index in experimental canines.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The series of Muskone can improve myocardial ischemia and infarction in experimental canines, and relieve significantly the degree of myocardial ischemia (Sigma-ST) determined by epicardial electrogram mapping, decrease the range of myocardial ischemia (N-ST) determined by epicardial electrogram mapping and decrease infarction zone determined by N-BT staining method. And it has a significant inhibition on activity of ET induced by myocardial ischemia and infarction, and increases 6-Keto-PGF1alpha and 6-Keto-PGF1alpha/TXB2 induced by myocardial ischemia.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The series of Muskone has significant therapeutic effect on myocardial infarction.</p>

Protective effect of ligustrazine and propofol on peri-operational liver ischemia-reperfusion injury / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the protective effect and mechanism of ligustrazine (LGT) and propofol (PRO) on peri-operational liver ischemia-reperfusion injury (HIRI).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty-six patients scheduled for hepatic surgery were randomly divided into the control group, the LGT group, the PRO group and the LGT + PRO group, 9 patients in each group. Changes of superoxide dismutase (SOD), lipid peroxide (LPO), ratio of thromboxane B2 (TXB2) and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1alpha (6-keto-PGF1alpha), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity, and the ultrastructure of liver tissue were dynamically observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the control group, SOD activity was significantly higher, LPO concentration, TXB2/6-keto-PGF1alpha ratio and ALT value were significantly lower (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01) in the LGT group, the PRO group and the LGT + PRO group during HIRI, with the abnormal changes of hepatic ultrastructure 25 min after reperfusion significantly alleviated in the three treated group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Combination of ligustrazine and propofol shows protective effect on liver by decreasing oxygen free radical level, reducing lipid peroxidation and adjusting TXA2/PGI2 imbalance after hepatic ischemia-reperfusion in patients undergoing hepatic cancer surgery.</p>

Study on comparative pharmacology of series of Muskone / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the therapeutic effects of the series of Muskone (the Muskone includes Slender Dutchmanspipe Root, Tumuxiang, and not Slender Dutchmanspipe Root) on experimental myocardial infarct and pain in rats.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Coronary artery ligation was applied for the model of myocardial infarct. Therapeutic effects were evaluated by measuring parameters of histomorphometry, blood plasm of ET, 6- keto-PGF1alpha and TXB2. Intraperitoneal injection acetic was applied for the model of ache, the frequency and eclipse period of writhing were evaluated its effect of resisting pain.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The Muskone including Radix Aristolociae, the Muskone including Radix Inulae and the Muskone without Radix Aucklandiae all can decrease the area of myocardial infarction in rats, the level of TXB2, ET, and the frequency of writhing significantly. Also it can increase the level 6-keto-PGF1alpha, the ratio of 6-keto-PGF1alpha and TXB2. Single Radix Aristolociae or Radix Inulae only relieved pain.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The Muskone including Radix Aristolociae, the Muskone including Radix Inulae and the Muskone without Radix Aucklandiae all have significant therapeutic effect on both myocardial infarction and pain, while single Radix Aristolociae or Radix Inulae only can relieve pain.</p>